CURL
curl是一个linux下的命令行工具，基于libcurl开发。用来和服务器交互数据。
curl支持多种协议(DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, GOPHERS, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET, TFTP, WS and WSS)。
curl常用来模仿浏览器向服务器发起请求，方便在开发、测试中调试httd接口。
要深入了解可以阅读在线文档https://everything.curl.dev/。
HTTP
参考https://everything.curl.dev/http结合man手册就可以上手。
比如curl模拟浏览器访问bing.com。
请求后发现没有任何返回，我们带上-v(–verbose)看看交互细节。
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curl bing.com -v
* Trying 204.79.197.200:80...
* Connected to bing.com (204.79.197.200) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: bing.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.74.0
> Accept: */*
>
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
< Location: http://cn.bing.com/
< X-MSEdge-Ref: Ref A: F2AB225F32D7483E87030511DC816BB4 Ref B: SG1EDGE0109 Ref C: 2023-05-15T04:59:26Z
< Date: Mon, 15 May 2023 04:59:25 GMT
< Content-Length: 0
<
* Connection #0 to host bing.com left intact
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从返回的头发现是重定向到cn.bing.com。于是访问cn.bing.com;或者访问bing.com带上 -L(--localtion)。
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curl cn.bing.com -v
* Trying 204.79.197.200:80...
* Connected to cn.bing.com (204.79.197.200) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: cn.bing.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.74.0
> Accept: */*
>
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Cache-Control: private
< Content-Length: 16094
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
...
curl bing.com -Lv
* Trying 13.107.21.200:80...
* Connected to bing.com (13.107.21.200) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: bing.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.74.0
> Accept: */*
>
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
< Location: http://cn.bing.com/
< X-MSEdge-Ref: Ref A: 42181FE0EB5849FD87499B943D23289C Ref B: SG1EDGE0316 Ref C: 2023-05-15T05:17:20Z
< Date: Mon, 15 May 2023 05:17:20 GMT
< Content-Length: 0
<
* Connection #0 to host bing.com left intact
* Issue another request to this URL: 'http://cn.bing.com/'
* Trying 204.79.197.200:80...
* Connected to cn.bing.com (204.79.197.200) port 80 (#1)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: cn.bing.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.74.0
> Accept: */*
>
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Cache-Control: private
< Content-Length: 16094
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
...
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bing.com返回16094字节内容,返回内容如果让浏览器解析，在浏览器里就能看到微软搜索引擎UI了。
GET
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// get
curl url
curl -X GET url
curl -Lv bing.com
// get with query
curl url?a=b&c=d
curl --url-query a=b --url-query c=d url
curl --get --data-urlencode a=b --data-urlencode c=d url
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POST
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// post url query (--url-query)
curl -X POST --url-query a=b --url-query c=d url
// application/x-www-form-urlencoded (-d --data --data-urlencode )
curl -X POST -d a=b -d c=d url
curl -X POST --data a=b --data c=d url
curl -X POST --data-urlencode a=b --data-urlencode c=d url
// application/json
curl --data [arg] --header "Content-Type: application/json" --header "Accept: application/json" url
curl --json '{"tool": "curl"}' https://example.com/ (curl >=7.82.0)
// multipart/form-data (-F --form)
curl -X POST -F a=b -F c=d url
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PUT
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//json
curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Accept: application/json" -d a=b -d c=d url
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DELETE
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//json
curl -X DELETE -H "Accept: application/json" --url-query uuid=xxx url
curl -X DELETE -H "Accept: application/json" url?uuid=xxx
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测试我的api
get
- 请求10.10.10.20/api/v1，返回"default api v1 content"。
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curl 10.10.10.20/api/v1
<a href="/api/v1/">Moved Permanently</a>.
curl 10.10.10.20/api/v1 -Lv
> GET /api/v1 HTTP/1.1
> Host: 10.10.10.20
> User-Agent: curl/7.74.0
> Accept: */*
>
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
< Location: /api/v1/
< Date: Mon, 15 May 2023 05:55:33 GMT
< Content-Length: 43
<
* Ignoring the response-body
* Connection #0 to host 10.10.10.20 left intact
* Issue another request to this URL: 'http://10.10.10.20/api/v1/'
* Found bundle for host 10.10.10.20: 0x55af6299e9f0 [serially]
* Can not multiplex, even if we wanted to!
* Re-using existing connection! (#0) with host 10.10.10.20
* Connected to 10.10.10.20 (10.10.10.20) port 80 (#0)
> GET /api/v1/ HTTP/1.1
> Host: 10.10.10.20
> User-Agent: curl/7.74.0
> Accept: */*
>
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
< Date: Mon, 15 May 2023 05:55:33 GMT
< Content-Length: 22
<
* Connection #0 to host 10.10.10.20 left intact
default api v1 content
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- 请求10.10.10.20/api/v1/api?cmd=xxx，返回。
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curl 10.10.10.20/api/v1/api?cmd=status
UP 0 years, 0 days, 5 hours, 39 minutes, 32 seconds, 931 milliseconds, 598 microseconds
FreeSWITCH (Version 1.10.9 -release-21-a615e85afc 64bit) is ready
0 session(s) since startup
0 session(s) - peak 0, last 5min 0
0 session(s) per Sec out of max 30, peak 0, last 5min 0
1000 session(s) max
min idle cpu 0.00/99.63
Current Stack Size/Max 240K/8192K
curl 10.10.10.20/api/v1/api?cmd=sofia%20status
curl 10.10.10.20/api/v1/api --url-query 'cmd=sofia status'
Name Type Data State
=================================================================================================
external-ipv6 profile sip:mod_sofia@[::1]:5080 RUNNING (0)
mydomain alias internal ALIASED
external profile sip:mod_sofia@10.10.10.20:5080 RUNNING (0)
external::example.com gateway sip:joeuser@example.com NOREG
external::vos_out gateway sip:username@vos.ip NOREG
external::vos_in gateway sip:username@vos.ip NOREG
external::myfsgateway gateway sip:1000@10.10.10.200 NOREG
external::p2p gateway sip:FreeSWITCH@p2p.ip NOREG
10.10.10.20 alias internal ALIASED
internal-ipv6 profile sip:mod_sofia@[::1]:5060 RUNNING (0)
internal profile sip:mod_sofia@10.10.10.20:5060 RUNNING (0)
=================================================================================================
4 profiles 2 aliases
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- 请求10.10.10.20/api/v1/accounts?id=8000和10.10.10.20/api/v1/accounts?id=8000&domain=mydomain返回accounts并json_pp格式化。
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curl 10.10.10.20/api/v1/accounts?id=8000|json_pp
...
{
"code" : {
"rtcode" : 0,
"rtmsg" : ""
},
"data" : {
"len" : 2,
"lists" : [
{
"a1hash" : "",
"auth" : "8000",
"cacheable" : "",
"domain" : "10.10.10.20",
"group" : "default",
"id" : "8000",
"name" : "8000",
"password" : "8000",
"proxy" : "10.10.10.20",
"uuid" : "5fd443ed-c829-4053-9309-b9715f010c1d"
},
{
"a1hash" : "",
"auth" : "8000",
"cacheable" : "",
"domain" : "mydomain",
"group" : "default",
"id" : "8000",
"name" : "8000",
"password" : "8000",
"proxy" : "10.10.10.20",
"uuid" : "a6df52df-f570-4a29-89a0-530b3a8a8e09"
}
]
}
}
curl --url-query id=8000 --url-query domain=mydomain 10.10.10.20/api/v1/accounts|json_pp
...
{
"code" : {
"rtcode" : 0,
"rtmsg" : ""
},
"data" : {
"len" : 1,
"lists" : [
{
"a1hash" : "",
"auth" : "8000",
"cacheable" : "",
"domain" : "mydomain",
"group" : "default",
"id" : "8000",
"name" : "8000",
"password" : "8000",
"proxy" : "10.10.10.20",
"uuid" : "53699506-c953-4c09-8a9a-dc76be6e902d"
}
]
}
}
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post
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//--url-query
curl -X POST --url-query numberstart=87654321 --url-query numberend=87654325 -H Content-Type:application/json http://10.10.10.20/api/v1/e164s|json_pp
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 679 100 679 0 0 96944 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 110k
{
"code" : {
"rtcode" : 0,
"rtmsg" : ""
},
"data" : {
"len" : 5,
"lists" : [
{
"enable" : true,
"gname" : "",
"lockin" : false,
"lockout" : false,
"number" : "87654321",
"uuid" : "5160e5b2-408c-46b1-9419-137cad1bf8cf"
},
{
"enable" : true,
"gname" : "",
"lockin" : false,
"lockout" : false,
"number" : "87654322",
"uuid" : "149d873a-856b-497d-a35b-5d794cb8b84c"
},
{
"enable" : true,
"gname" : "",
"lockin" : false,
"lockout" : false,
"number" : "87654323",
"uuid" : "25b228fe-6609-45d1-9884-4cf7fa7c91fd"
},
{
"enable" : true,
"gname" : "",
"lockin" : false,
"lockout" : false,
"number" : "87654324",
"uuid" : "8c3c6e8f-6537-4fea-bea9-ba4408088557"
},
{
"enable" : true,
"gname" : "",
"lockin" : false,
"lockout" : false,
"number" : "87654325",
"uuid" : "67a18b77-3f1f-42fa-b20d-bdaa71a92425"
}
]
}
}
//form-urlencoded
curl -X POST -d a=b -d c=d url
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//json
curl --data [arg] --header "Content-Type: application/json" --header "Accept: application/json" url
curl --json '{"tool": "curl"}' https://example.com/ (curl >=7.82.0)
curl -X POST -d'{"number":"12345678"}' --header "Content-Type: application/json" --header "Accept: application/json" 10.10.10.20/api/v1/e164 -v|json_pp
curl --json '{"number":"1234567890"}' --header "Content-Type: application/json" --header "Accept: application/json" 10.10.10.20/api/v1/e164 -v|json_pp
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0* Trying 10.10.10.20:80...
* Connected to 10.10.10.20 (10.10.10.20) port 80 (#0)
> POST /api/v1/e164 HTTP/1.1
> Host: 10.10.10.20
> User-Agent: curl/7.88.1
> Content-Type: application/json
> Accept: application/json
> Content-Length: 23
>
} [23 bytes data]
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
< Date: Wed, 17 May 2023 15:31:02 GMT
< Content-Length: 185
<
{ [185 bytes data]
100 208 100 185 100 23 30766 3825 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 41600
* Connection #0 to host 10.10.10.20 left intact
{
"code" : {
"rtcode" : 0,
"rtmsg" : ""
},
"data" : {
"len" : 1,
"lists" : [
{
"enable" : true,
"gname" : "",
"lockin" : false,
"lockout" : false,
"number" : "1234567890",
"uuid" : "8fad3099-040e-4688-8632-0dd03fd5391a"
}
]
}
}
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curl -X POST -F a=b -F c=d url
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put
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//json
curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Accept: application/json" -d a=b -d c=d url
curl -X PUT --json '{"gname":"","number":"000000001","enable":true,"lockin":false,"lockout":false}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Accept: application/json" -Lv 10.10.10.20/api/v1/e164/8fad3099-040e-4688-8632-0dd03fd5391a|json_pp
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0* Trying 10.10.10.20:80...
* Connected to 10.10.10.20 (10.10.10.20) port 80 (#0)
> PUT /api/v1/e164/8fad3099-040e-4688-8632-0dd03fd5391a HTTP/1.1
> Host: 10.10.10.20
> User-Agent: curl/7.88.1
> Content-Type: application/json
> Accept: application/json
> Content-Length: 78
>
} [78 bytes data]
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
< Date: Wed, 17 May 2023 16:07:14 GMT
< Content-Length: 184
<
{ [184 bytes data]
100 262 100 184 100 78 20852 8839 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 32750
* Connection #0 to host 10.10.10.20 left intact
{
"code" : {
"rtcode" : 0,
"rtmsg" : ""
},
"data" : {
"len" : 1,
"lists" : [
{
"enable" : true,
"gname" : "",
"lockin" : false,
"lockout" : false,
"number" : "000000001",
"uuid" : "8fad3099-040e-4688-8632-0dd03fd5391a"
}
]
}
}
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delete
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//json
curl -X DELETE -H "Accept: application/json" url
curl -X DELETE -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Accept: application/json" 10.10.10.20/api/v1/e164/8c3c6e8f-6537-4fea-bea9-ba4408088557 |json_pp
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 183 100 183 0 0 37492 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 45750
{
"code" : {
"rtcode" : 0,
"rtmsg" : ""
},
"data" : {
"len" : 1,
"lists" : [
{
"enable" : true,
"gname" : "",
"lockin" : false,
"lockout" : false,
"number" : "87654324",
"uuid" : "8c3c6e8f-6537-4fea-bea9-ba4408088557"
}
]
}
}
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